This review systematically evaluates marine ecosystems as a prolific source of nutraceutical compounds, emphasizing the biochemical diversity of marine-derived proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, and bioactive lipids with validated physiological functions. Marine organisms synthesize structurally unique secondary metabolites in response to extreme environmental conditions, many of which demonstrate significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, and metabolic regulatory activities. The paper details extraction sources and functional roles of key marine nutraceutical classes—particularly omega-3 fatty acids, sulfated polysaccharides, carotenoids, and enzymatically derived bioactive peptides—and discusses their integration into functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, it addresses current industrial applications, regulatory considerations, and the role of marine biotechnology in enhancing bioavailability, safety, and commercial scalability, concluding that marine nutraceuticals represent a scientifically robust and commercially viable platform for preventive and adjunctive health interventions.
